ကိုယ္၀န္ ေဆာင္ မေပး၇
ကိုယ္၀န္ ပ်က္က်တတ္သည္
treat high blood pressure
reduce your risk of a stroke if you have high blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), a condition that causes the walls in the heart’s left ventricle to thicken
treat diabetic nephropathy, which is kidney disease caused by diabetes
Losartan oral tablet is available as a brand-name drug and a generic drug. Brand name: Cozaar.
Losartan comes only as a tablet you take by mouth.
Losartan
is used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). It’s also used to
help your kidneys work better if you have diabetes. In addition, it’s
used to reduce your risk of a stroke if you have high blood pressure and
a heart condition called left ventricular hypertrophy.
Losartan is a prescription drug. It comes as an oral tablet.
Losartan is available as the brand-name drug Cozaar.
It’s also available as a generic drug. Generic drugs usually cost less
than the brand-name version. In some cases, they may not be available in
every strength or form as the brand-name drug.
Losartan may be taken as part of a combination therapy with other medications to lower your blood pressure.
What’s losartan used for?
Losartan is used for three main purposes. It’s used to:
reduce your risk of a stroke
if you have high blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH),
a condition that causes the walls in the heart’s left ventricle to
thicken
Losartan
belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers
(ARBs). A class of drugs is a group of medications that work in a
similar way. They’re often used to treat similar conditions.
Other ARBs include olmesartan, valsartan, and telmisartan. Like losartan, these drugs can be used to treat high blood pressure.
How losartan works
Losartan
works by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a chemical in your body
that causes your blood vessels to tighten and narrow. Losartan helps
relax and widen your blood vessels. This lowers your blood pressure.
This
action helps treat high blood pressure as well as the other two
conditions losartan is usually prescribed for. High blood pressure and
left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) increase your risk of stroke, so
lower blood pressure reduces your risk.
Lower blood pressure also
reduces your risk of kidney damage. This is because high blood pressure
raises your risk of kidney damage that’s caused by the high blood sugar
levels linked with diabetes.
Losartan can cause mild or serious side
effects. The following list contains some of the key side effects that
may occur while taking losartan. This list does not include all possible
side effects.
For more information on the possible side effects
of losartan, or tips on how to deal with a troubling side effect, talk
with your doctor or pharmacist.
More common side effects
The more common side effects that can occur with losartan include:
upper respiratory infections, such as the common cold
dizziness
stuffy nose
back pain
diarrhea
fatigue
low blood sugar
chest pain
high or low blood pressure
These
effects may go away within a few days or a couple of weeks. If they’re
more severe or don’t go away, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.
Serious side effects
Call
your doctor right away if you have serious side effects. Call 911 if
your symptoms feel life-threatening or if you think you’re having a
medical emergency. Serious side effects and their symptoms can include
the following:
High potassium blood levels. Symptoms can include:
Losartan can
interact with several other medications. Different interactions can
cause different effects. For instance, some can interfere with how well a
drug works, while others can cause increased side effects.
Below
is a list of medications that can interact with losartan. This list does
not contain all drugs that may interact with losartan.
Before
taking losartan, be sure to tell your doctor and pharmacist about all
prescription, over-the-counter, and other drugs you take. Also tell them
about any vitamins, herbs, and supplements you use. Sharing this
information can help you avoid potential interactions.
If you have questions about drug interactions that may affect you, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
Lithium
Taking losartan with lithium,
a drug used to treat bipolar disorder, may increase the levels of
lithium in your body. This can increase your risk of dangerous side
effects.
If you need to take these drugs together, your doctor may reduce your lithium dosage.
Blood pressure drugs
Taking
losartan with other drugs that work in the same way may increase your
chance of low blood pressure, high potassium levels in your blood, and
kidney damage.
Examples of these drugs include:
angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), such as:
irbesartan
candesartan
valsartan
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as:
lisinopril
fosinopril
enalapril
aliskiren
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
You
shouldn’t take NSAIDs with losartan. Using losartan with NSAIDs raises
your risk of kidney damage. Your risk may be higher if:
you have poor kidney function
are a senior
take a water pill
are dehydrated
NSAIDs
may also reduce the blood pressure-lowering effects of losartan. This
means that losartan may not work as well if you take it with an NSAID.
Examples of NSAIDs include:
naproxen
ibuprofen
Rifampin
Taking losartan with rifampin,
a drug used to treat tuberculosis, can increase how quickly your body
removes losartan. This means that losartan may not work as well to lower
your blood pressure if you take it with these drugs.
Diuretics (water pills)
Losartan
can cause low blood pressure. Your risk of low blood pressure is
increased if you also take diuretics. Symptoms of low blood pressure can
include dizziness or feeling faint, or chest pain. Examples of
diuretics include:
hydrochlorothiazide
furosemide
spironolactone
Drugs or supplements that contain potassium
Losartan
can increase the levels of a substance called potassium in your blood.
Taking losartan with drugs that contain potassium, potassium
supplements, or salt substitutes with potassium, can increase your risk
of hyperkalemia (high levels of potassium).
Examples of drugs that contain potassium include:
potassium chloride (Klor-Con, Klor Con M, K-Tab, Micro-K)
potassium gluconate
potassium bicarbonate (Klor-Con EF)
Stopping losartan
Do not stop taking losartan without talking to your doctor. Stopping it
suddenly can cause your blood pressure to increase quickly. This raises
your risk of a heart attack or stroke. If you want to stop taking
losartan, talk with your doctor. They will slowly taper your dosage so
that you can stop using the drug safely.
The losartan dosage your doctor prescribes will depend on several factors. These include:
the type and severity of the condition you’re using losartan to treat
your age
your weight
other medical conditions you may have, such as liver damage
Typically,
your doctor will start you on a low dosage and adjust it over time to
reach the dosage that’s right for you. They’ll ultimately prescribe the
smallest dosage that provides the desired effect.
The following information describes dosages that are commonly used or recommended. However, be sure to take the dosage your doctor prescribes for you. Your doctor will determine the best dosage to suit your needs.
Drug forms and strengths
Generic: Losartan
Form: oral tablet
Strengths: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg
Brand: Cozaar
Form: oral tablet
Strengths: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg
Dosage for high blood pressure (hypertension)
Adult dosage (ages 18–64 years)
The
typical starting dosage is 50 mg once daily. Dosages range between 25
and 100 mg per day. You take losartan once or twice per day. Child dosage (ages 6–17 years)
The
dosage is based on your child’s weight. The usual dosage is around 0.7
mg/kg of body weight taken once per day. Your child’s doctor will
increase or decrease the dosage depending on your child’s response to
the medication. Child dosage (ages 0–5 years)
This drug should not be used in children younger than 6 years. Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)
There
are no specific recommendations for senior dosage. Older adults may
process drugs more slowly. As a result, a normal adult dosage may cause
levels of this drug to be higher than normal in your body. If you’re a
senior, you may need a lower dosage, or a different dosing schedule.
Dosage for diabetic nephropathy
Adult dosage (ages 18–64 years)
The
typical starting dosage is 50 mg once daily. Your doctor may increase
your dosage to 100 mg per day if needed. You take losartan once or twice
per day. Child dosage (ages 0–17 years)
This drug should not be used in children younger than 17 years for this condition. Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)
There
are no specific recommendations for senior dosage. Older adults may
process drugs more slowly. As a result, a normal adult dosage may cause
levels of this drug to be higher than normal in your body. If you’re a
senior, you may need a lower dosage, or a different dosing schedule.
Dosage to reduce stroke risk in people with high blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy
Adult dosage (ages 18–64 years)
The
typical dosage is 50 mg taken once daily. Your doctor may increase your
dosage to 100 mg per day if needed. You may take losartan once or twice
per day. Child dosage (ages 0–17 years)
This drug should not be used in children younger than 17 years for this condition. Senior dosage (ages 65 years and older)
There
are no specific recommendations for senior dosage. Older adults may
process drugs more slowly. As a result, a normal adult dosage may cause
levels of this drug to be higher than normal in your body. If you’re a
senior, you may need a lower dosage, or a different dosing schedule.
Special dosage considerations
For people with liver problems: If you have mild-to-moderate liver problems, your doctor may lower your starting dosage to 25 mg per day.
This
drug has a black box warning. This is the most serious warning from the
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A black box warning alerts doctors
and patients about drug effects that may be dangerous.
You
shouldn’t take this drug if you’re pregnant or planning to become
pregnant. Losartan can harm or end your pregnancy. If you become
pregnant, stop taking this medication right away and call your doctor.
Allergy warning
Losartan can cause a severe allergic reaction. Symptoms include:
trouble breathing
swelling of your throat or tongue
hives
If you develop these symptoms, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room. Don’t take this drug again if you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to it. Taking it again could be fatal (cause death).
Alcohol interaction warning
Consuming
alcoholic drinks while taking losartan can cause a sedative effect.
This means you may have slowed reflexes, poor judgment, and sleepiness.
This effect can be dangerous if you drive or use other machinery.
Alcohol
can also increase the blood pressure-lowering effect of losartan. This
increases the risk of your blood pressure getting too low.
Low blood pressure warning
This
drug may cause low blood pressure, which can make you feel faint or
dizzy. If this happens, lie down and call your doctor right away.
Warnings for people with certain health conditions
For people with kidney problems: This medication can make kidney disease worse. Symptoms of worsening kidney disease include:
swelling in your hands, feet, or ankles
unexplained weight gain
Warnings for other groups
For pregnant women: Losartan is a category D pregnancy drug. That means two things:
Studies show a risk of adverse effects to the fetus when the mother takes the drug.
The benefits of taking the drug during pregnancy may outweigh the potential risks in certain cases.
This
drug can harm or end your pregnancy. Tell your doctor if you’re
pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Losartan should be used during
pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk. For women who are breastfeeding:
It isn’t known if losartan passes into breast milk. If it does, it may
cause side effects in a child who is breastfed. Talk to your doctor if
you breastfeed your child. You may need to decide whether to stop
breastfeeding or stop taking this medication. For seniors:
Older adults may process drugs more slowly. As a result, a normal adult
dosage may cause levels of this drug to be higher than normal in your
body. If you’re a senior, you may need a lower dosage, or a different
dosing schedule. For children: This medication should not be used in children younger than 6 years with high blood pressure.
Losartan is used for long-term treatment. It comes with serious risks if you don’t take it as prescribed. If you don't take it at all:
Losartan lowers high blood pressure. If you don’t take it, your blood
pressure will stay high. High blood pressure increases your risk of a
stroke or heart attack. If you don't take it on schedule: Your blood pressure may not improve or may get worse. You may increase your risk of a heart attack or stroke. What to do if you miss a dose:
If you forget to take your dose, take it as soon as you remember. If
it’s just a few hours until the time for your next dose, wait and only
take one dose at that time. Never try to catch up by taking two doses at
once. This could cause dangerous side effects. If you take too much: If you take too much losartan, you may have symptoms such as:
feeling like your heart is pounding
weakness
dizziness
If
you think you’ve taken too much of this drug, call your doctor or seek
guidance from the American Association of Poison Control Centers at
1-800-222-1222 or through their online tool. But if your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away. How to tell if the drug is working:
Your blood pressure should be lower. Your doctor will monitor your
blood pressure at your checkups. You can also check your blood pressure
at home.
You may not be able to tell if this drug is helping your
kidney function or reducing your risk of stroke. That doesn’t mean that
the drug isn’t working. Keep taking this drug unless your doctor tells
you to stop.
Keep these considerations in mind if your doctor prescribes losartan for you.
General
You can cut or crush losartan tablets.
Storage
Store losartan at room temperature between 59°F and 86°F (15°C and 30°C).
Don’t freeze this drug.
Keep this medication away from light.
Don’t store this medication in moist or damp areas, such as bathrooms.
Refills
A
prescription for this medication is refillable. You should not need a
new prescription for this medication to be refilled. Your doctor will
write the number of refills authorized on your prescription.
Travel
When traveling with your medication:
Always carry your medication with you. When flying, never put it into a checked bag. Keep it in your carry-on bag.
Don’t worry about airport X-ray machines. They can’t harm your medication.
You
may need to show airport staff the pharmacy label for your medication.
Always carry the original prescription-labeled container with you.
Don’t
put this medication in your car’s glove compartment or leave it in the
car. Be sure to avoid doing this when the weather is very hot or very
cold.
Self-management
You may need to check your
blood pressure at home. To do this, you may need to buy a home blood
pressure monitor. You should keep a log with the date, the time of day,
and your blood pressure readings. Bring this log with you to your doctor
appointments. Shop for blood pressure monitors.
Clinical monitoring
During treatment with losartan, your doctor may check your:
potassium levels
kidney function
blood pressure
Hidden costs
You
may need to buy a blood pressure monitor to check your blood pressure
at home. These monitors are available at most pharmacies.
Are there any alternatives?
There
are other drugs available to treat your condition. Some may be better
suited for you than others. Talk to your doctor about other options that
may work for you. Disclaimer: Healthline has
made every effort to make certain that all information is factually
correct, comprehensive, and up-to-date. However, this article should not
be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed
healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or
healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug
information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to
cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug
interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of
warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that
the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all
patients or all specific uses.
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