ဆံပင္ျဖူျခင္း

ဆံပင္ျဖူျခင္း

အခုေခတ္ ျေပာင္းလဲေနေသာေခတ္နွင့္ ဦးနွောက္ျေခာက္ေသာ ျဖစ္ရပ္မ်ားရဲ့ ေနာက္ဆက္တြဲ ျပႆနာမ်ားက ဆံပင္တြေ ျဖူလာျခင္း ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အရြယ္မတိုင္ခင္ ဆံပင္ျဖူလာလို့ စိတ္ညစ္ေနသူမ်ားက OnDoctor မွာ ေမးေလ့ရွိပါတယ္။

အသက္ျကီးလာလို့ ဆံပင္ျဖူလာတာ လူတိုင္း လက္ခံျကပါတယ္။ အသက္ ၃၀ နဲ့ ၂၀ အရြယ္မ်ား ဆံပင္ျဖူလာျခင္းက လူငယ္မ်ားအတြက္ အလြန္စိတ္ညစ္စရာ ျပႆနာတစ္ရပ္ပင္ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဆံပင္ရဲ့အေရာင္ က်ြတ္၍ ဆံပင္တြေ ျဖူလာတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဆံပင္က်ြတ္ရတဲ့ အျေကာင္းရင္းအတိအက်မသိရေသာ္လည္း ျဖစ္နိုင္ေသာအျေကာင္းရင္းမ်ားမွာ ဆံပင္ဆဲလ္အေဟာင္းမ်ားဖယ္၍ ဆံပင္ဆဲလ္အသစ္မ်ားေပါက္ျခင္းျဖင့္ ဆံပင္မ်ား ရွည္လာပါတယ္။

ဆံပင္ရွည္ရာတြင္ အဆင့္ ၃ ဆင့္ ရွိပါတယ္။ ျကီးထြားမယ္၊ ရပ္မယ္၊ နားမယ္။ ထိုနားတဲ့ အဆင့္တြင္ ဆံပင္က်ြတ္ျပီး အသစ္ေပါက္ပါတယ္။ ဆံပင္အသစ္ထြက္စဉ္ အေရာင္ စုပ္ယူ၍ ကာလာထြက္လာပါတယ္။ အသက္အရြယ္ ျကီးေသာအခါ အေရာင္စုပ္ ယူမွု့မရွိဘဲ ကာလာ မထြက္ေသာျေကာင့္ ဆံပင္ျဖူေပါက္ျခင္း ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

(၁) မ်ိုးရိုးဗီဇ

မ်ိုးရိုးဗီဇျေကာင့္ ဘယ္အသက္အရြယ္မဆို ဆံပင္ျဖူနိုင္ပါတယ္။ အခ်ို့လူမ်ားအတြက္ အသက္ ၂၀ မတိုင္ခင္ ျဖူတတ္ပါတယ္။ အခ်ို့ကေတာ့ တျေဖးျေဖး ျဖူလာတတ္ပါတယ္။

(၂) မယ္လနင္း/Melanin ေဟာ္မုန္း

လိုအပ္ေသာ အစာအာဟာရနွင့္ အသားဓာတ္မရလ်ွင္ Melanin ေဟာ္မုန္း မထုတ္လုပ္နိုင္ပါ။ အမ်ားစုသည္ melanin ေဟာ္မုန္းခ်ို့တဲ့ေသာျေကာင့္ ဆံပင္ျဖူျကပါတယ္။

(၃) ေဟာ္မုန္း

ဆံပင္ကာလာထြက္ရန္ လိုအပ္ေသာ ေဟာ္မုန္းမ်ား မညီမ်ွလ်ွင္လည္း ဆံပင္ျဖူျကပါတယ္။

(၄) ေရာဂါမ်ား

အခ်ို့ေရာဂါမ်ားသည္ ဆံပင္ကာလာ မရွိျဖစ္ျခင္းကို ျဖစ္ေစပါတယ္။ ဥပမာ Vitamin b12 ခ်ို့တဲ့ျခင္း၊ သိုင္းရြိုက္နွင့္ ပစ္က်ုထရီဂလင္းမ်ားေရာဂါ ျဖစ္ျခင္း

(၅) စိတ္ဖိစီးမွုမ်ားျခင္း

စိတ္ဖိစီးမွု့မ်ားျခင္းက အရြယ္မတိုင္ခင္ ဆံပင္ျဖူျခင္း အဓိက အျေကာင္းရင္းျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အရက္အလြန္အက်ြံ ေသာက္ျခင္းကလည္း ျဖစ္ေစပါတယ္။

(၆) ဓာတုေဗဒပစ္စည္းမ်ားနွင့္ အျခားေသာအရာမ်ား

ဓာတုေဗဒပစ္စည္းမ်ား ပါဝင္ေသာ ေခါင္းလ်ွော္ရည္၊ ဆပ္ျပာ၊ ဆံပင္ဆိုးေဆးမ်ားျေကာင့္ ဆံပင္ျဖူေစပါတယ္။ ဓာတ္မတည့္မွု့ ျေကာင့္လည္း ျဖစ္နိုင္တယ္။ ဆံပင္ကာလာ ခဏခဏ ျေပာင္း၍ ဆံပင္သည္ ရာသီဥတုဒဏ္၊ ဖုန္တို့ထိတြေ့၍ ဆံပင္ျဖူေစပါတယ္။

ဆံပင္အျမစ္မွ ဟိုက္ဒရိုဂ်င္ပါေအာက္ဆိုဒ္ အနည္းငယ္ ထြက္ပါတယ္။ ထိုအရာက တျေဖးျေဖးစုလာျပီး ဆံပင္အေရာင္ က်ြတ္ေစပါတယ္။ ထိုဓာတ္ကို ဖယ္ျခင္းျဖင့္ သဘာဝအတိုင္း ဆံပင္ကာလာ ျပန္ရရွိပါလိမ့္မယ္။

ဆံပင္မျဖူေအာင္ ကာကြယ္နည္းမ်ား

ဆံပင္ျဖူေစေသာ အျေကာင္းရင္းမ်ားကို ဂရုစိုက္ျခင္းသည္ ဆံပင္မျဖူေအာင္ ကာကြယ္နည္းပင္ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ မ်ိုးရိုးဗီဇျေကာင့္က ျေပာင္းလဲမရေပမယ့္ တျခားအရာမ်ားက ကာကြယ္လို့ရပါတယ္။

ေဟာ္မုန္းျဖင့္ကုသျခင္း၊ ေရာဂါမ်ားကုသျခင္းနွင့္ Vitamin b12 ေပးျခင္းတို့ပဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

ဆံပင္ျဖူျခင္းအတြက္ အိမ္တြင္းကုသနည္းမ်ားမွာ

(၁) ကုလားဆီးျဖူသီး

အျေခာက္လွမ္းထားေသာ ကုလားဆီးျဖူသီးနွင့္ အုန္းဆီဆတူျပုတ္၍ အဆီရည္ျပုလုပ္ပါ။ ထို ေခါင္းလိမ္းဆီကို ဆံပင္အျမစ္မွ အဖ်ားထိ လိမ္း၍ နွိပ္နယ္ေပးပါ။ ၁၅မိနစ္ ဦးေရ နွိပ္နယ္ျပီး မိနစ္ ၃၀ သို့မဟုတ္ တစ္ညအိပ္ပါ။ ေနာက္ေန့တြင္ ေခါင္းလ်ွော္ရည္အပ်ော့ျဖင့္ လ်ွော္ပါ။ တစ္ပတ္ ၂ ျကိမ္ျပုလုပ္ပါ။

ကုလားဆီးျဖူသီးက ပ်က္ဆီးေနေသာ ဆံပင္မ်ား ျပန္လည္သန္စြမ္းကာ ပါဝင္ေသာ Vitamin c သည္အသက္အရြယ္ျေကာင့္ ဆံပင္ျဖူျခင္းကို ကာကြယ္ေပးပါတယ္။ အမွုန့္ျပုလုပ္ကာ မက္မြန္ဆီနဲ့ တြဲလိမ္းလည္း ရပါတယ္။

(၂) ဘလက္ လဘက္ရည္ black tea

ဘလက္လက္ဘက္ရည္ကို အဆူခံ ပြက္လာရင္ အေအးခံျပီး ဆံပင္ကိုလိမ္းပါ။ ဦးေရထိ စိမ့္ဝင္ေအာင္နွိပ္နယ္ပါ။ မိနစ္အနည္းငယ္ အျကာ ေခါင္းလ်ွော္လိုက္ပါ။ တစ္ပတ္ ၂-၃ ျကိမ္ ျပုလုပ္လ်ွင္ ဘလက္လက္ဘက္ရည္မွာပါတဲ့ ဓာတ္တိုးဆန့္က်င္ပစ္စည္းမ်ားျေကာင့္ ဆံပင္ျဖူျခင္း ကာကြယ္ျပီး မည္းနက္ေစပါတယ္။

(၃) အုန္းဆီနွင့္ လိမ္ေမာ္ရည္

လိမ္ေမာ္ရည္နွင့္ အုန္းဆီဆတူေရာ၍ အပူေပးကာ ထိုခပ္နြေးနြေး အဆီကို ေခါင္းမလ်ွော္ခင္ သုတ္လိမ္းေပးပါ။ ျပီးမွ လ်ွော္ပါ။ တစ္ပတ္၂ ျကိမ္ ျပုလုပ္ပါ။

(၄)ျကက္ဆူဆီ

ျကက္ဆူဆီကိုလည္း ေခါင္းမလ်ွော္ခင္ လိမ္းပါက ဆံပင္သန္စြမ္းေစပါတယ္။ ဆံပင္ကာလာ ထိန္းထားနိုင္ပါတယ္။

(၅) ျကက္သြန္နီရည္

ျကက္သြန္နီရည္ကို ဦးေရျပားကို ေခါင္းမလ်ွော္ခင္ မိနစ္ ၃၀ သုတ္ လိမ္းထားလ်ွင္ ဆံပင္မက်ြတ္ျခင္း၊ ဆံပင္သန္စြမ္း မည္းနက္ေစပါတယ္။

(၆) ေကာ္ဖီနွင့္ ဒန္းမွုန့္

ေကာ္ဖီတစ္ခြက္နွင့္ ဒန္းမွုန့္ေရာကာ ဦးေရျပားေပၚ သုတ္လိမ္းေပးျခင္းျဖင့္ ဆံပင္ျဖူျခင္း သက္သာေစပါတယ္။ ၃ ပတ္ တစ္ခါျပုလုပ္ပါ။

(၇) ခဝဲသီး

ခဝဲသီးကို အုန္းဆီထဲတြင္ ေလလုံေအာင္ ၃ ရက္စိမ္ပါ။ ၄ ရက္ျေမာက္ေန့တြင္ အဆိုပါ အုန္းဆီကို မီးအပူေပးကာ ေခါင္းမလ်ွော္ခင္ လိမ္းပါက ဆံပင္အျမစ္ထိ အားျဖည့္သန္စြမ္းကာ ဆံပင္အေရာင္မက်ြတ္ပါ။

(၈) နွမ္းနက္ဆီ

နွမ္းနက္ဆီနွင့္ အုန္းဆီဆတူေရာ၍ ဆံပင္ကိုလိမ္းပါ။ သဘက္ျဖင့္ ဆံပင္ကိုေပါင္းပါ။ ၃၀ မိနစ္အျကာေခါင္းလ်ွော္ပါ။ ဆံပင္အတြက္လိုအပ္ေသာ အက္စစ္ဓာတ္ရရွိကာ Melanin ေဟာ္မုန္း အားေကာင္းေစပါတယ္။ ပုံမွန္သုံးလ်ွင္ ဆံပင္နက္ေစပါတယ္။

အျခားေသာ ဆံပင္ျဖူျခင္း ကင္းေဝးေစေသာ နည္းလမ္းမ်ားမွာ

– vitamin b12 လုံေလာက္စြာ ရရွိေအာင္ စားပါ။ ခ်ို့တဲ့လ်ွင္ သြေးအားနည္းကာ ဆံပင္က်ြတ္ျခင္းနွင့္ဆံပင္ျဖူျခင္း ျဖစ္နိုင္ပါတယ္။

– သိုင္းရြိုက္ဂလင္းတြင္ ေရာဂါရွိ၊ မရွိ စစ္ေဆးပါ။

– ေဆးလိပ္ေသာက္သုံးျခင္းသည္ က်န္းမာေရးထိခိုက္ျပီး ဆံပင္ျဖူေစပါတယ္။ ေဆးလိပ္ျဖတ္ပါ။

– ဓာတ္တိုးဆန့္က်င္ ပစ္စည္းမ်ားပါေသာ အစာအစားမ်ား စားသုံးပါ။ ဥပမာ ဘယ္ရီသီး၊ အျေကးခြံပာေသာငါး၊ အသား၊ ဥနီ၊ ဥအမ်ိုးမ်ိုး၊ ပဲ၊ ေနျကာေစ့ဆံပင္ျဖူေနရာကေန ျပန္လည္၍ အနက္ေရာင္ ျဖစ္ဖို့ရာက မွန္ကန္ေသာ ေရာဂါဇစ္ျမစ္ ရွာဖြေကုသမွု့ ေပၚ မူတည္ပါတယ္။ အသက္အရြယ္နွင့္ မ်ိုးရိုးျေကာင့္ေသာ္လည္း အထက္ပါနည္းမ်ားသုံးလ်ွင္ ဆံပင္မျဖူေအာင္ ထိန္းထားနိုင္ပါတယ္။ အဆိုပါနည္းမ်ားကို ပုံမွန္ျပုလုပ္ေပးပါက ဆံပင္က်ြတ္ျခင္းနွင့္ ျဖူျခင္းကို ထိေရာက္စြာ ကာကြယ္ေပးပါလိမ့္မယ္။
https://ondoctor.com.mm/health-beauty/6512/

ပညာရွင္ေတြပါးစပ္ပိတ္ေနၾကတဲ့ႏိုင္ငံ

 ပညာရွင္ေတြပါးစပ္ပိတ္ေနၾကတဲ့ႏိုင္ငံ
" ပညာရွင္ေတြပါးစပ္ပိတ္ေနၾကတဲ့ႏိုင္ငံ "

ကင္ဆာေရာဂါအတြက္
ဘာအပင္ကို ဘယ္လိုျပဳတ္ေသာက္ရင္ေပ်ာက္တယ္
ဘာအပြင့္ကို ဘယ္လိုေၾကာ္စားေပးရင္
ဘာေရာဂါသက္သာတယ္ဆိုတဲ့ ပို႔စ္ေတြျမင္ရင္...
ဒီႏိုင္ငံက တိုင္းရင္းေဆးသမားေတာ္ေတြကို
အံ့ဩမိတယ္
ဒီေဆးနည္းေတြဟာ မွန္လို႔ပဲၿငိမ္ေနတာလား?
မွားတယ္ ဒါေပမယ့္ ကိုယ္ျဖစ္ကိုယ္ခံဆိုၿပီး
ဂရုမစိုက္ၾကတာလား?
ကုခ်င္ရင္လာကု ကိုယ့္ဖာသာကိုယ္
fb ေဆးနည္းေတြနဲ႔ကုေနတာ
မတက္ႏိုင္ဘူးဆိုၿပီး လႊတ္ထားတာလား?
စဥ္းစားမရဘူး
Research မရွိတဲ့ေဆးနည္းေတြကို
မိမိဖာသာေသာက္ရင္း ဒုကၡေရာက္ေသဆံုးေနၾကတာေတြျမင္ေတာ့...
ပညာရွင္ေတြပါးစပ္ပိတ္ေနၾကတဲ့ႏိုင္ငံအေၾကာင္း
ေတြးမိတယ္..

ေကာ္ဖီမစ္ေတြမွာ အုန္းသီးမႈန္႔ေတြပါသတဲ့...
ဘယ္ေကာ္ဖီမစ္ကိုေမႊးလြန္းလို႔ ဘယ္မွာစစ္ၾကည့္ေတာ့ ဘာေတြပါသတဲ့....
ဒီေလာက္ဟိုးေလးတေၾကာ္ေၾကာ္ျဖစ္ေနၾကတာ
ေကာ္ဖီတံဆိပ္က ဘာလဲ
ဓာတ္ခြဲစမ္းသပ္ၾကည့္ေတာ့ ဘာေတြေတြ႕လဲ..
သိၾကသလား?
ႏိုးပါ...
ပညာရွင္ေတြပါးစပ္ပိတ္ေနၾကတယ္
တကယ္ဆို ေသခ်ာစစ္
ဘယ္တံဆိပ္မွာဘာပါတယ္ ေၾကျငာခ်က္ထုတ္
မီဒီယာေတြကေၾကျငာေပါ့
ခုေတာ့ ေကာ္ဖီေသာက္ဖို႔ေကာ္ဖီေဖ်ာ္ရင္း
ေၾကာက္လြန္းလို႔ လက္တုန္ေနရတဲ့ဘဝ..

ႏို႔ဆီစက္ရံုမွာ ႏြားထီးေတြခ်ည္းပဲတဲ့
ႏို႔ဆီေတြမွာ ႏို႔မပါဘူးတဲ့
တသက္လံုးေသာက္လာတဲ့ လက္ဖက္ရည္ေတြမွာ ဘာေတြပါပါလိမ့္
သက္ဆိုင္ရာက ေၾကျငာခ်က္မ်ား
ထုတ္မလားေမၽွာ္မိတယ္...
ႏိုးပါ...
ပညာရွင္ေတြပါးစပ္ပိတ္ေနၾကတယ္...
City mart မွာေတာ့
ႏို႔ဆီႏို႔မႈန္႔ေတြ ခပ္တည္တည္နဲ႔ေရာင္းတုန္း..
ေသာက္ရမွာလား...မေသာက္ရဘူးလား
ေတြးရင္းေၾကာက္ေနရတဲ့ဘဝ...

TV ခ်န္နယ္တစ္ခုၾကည့္တိုင္း
ေၾကာ္ျငာလိုက္တဲ့ အားျဖည့္အခ်ိဳရည္ေတြ
ေကာ္ဖီေတြ ေခါက္ဆြဲေျခာက္ေတြ..
ဒါေတြဟာ တကယ္ေရာ ဥပါဒ္ကင္းရဲ႕လား?
ဘယ္ျငဳပ္သီးမႈန္႔ေတြမွာ မွိုေတြ႕တယ္
တံဆိပ္ေတြကိုေၾကျငာတယ္...
ေနာက္၂လေလာက္ဆို
ေစ်းထဲမွာ အဲ့တံဆိပ္ျပန္ေတြ႕တယ္...
လက္ဖက္ ငပိ...... ဒီတိုင္းပဲ
ဆိုးေဆးေတြထပ္သံုးေနသလား
ဓာတ္ေျမဩဇာေတြထည့္ေသးလား
ကဲ...အာဂ်ီႏိုမိုတိုတဲ့..
ဂ်ပန္ကထုတ္တာ စားလို႔ရပါတယ္တဲ့..
လွိုင္သာယာေစ်းမွာ ဆာလာအိတ္ေတြထဲကအခ်ိဳမႈန္႔ေတြကို
အာဂ်ီႏိုမိုတိုတံဆိပ္ကပ္ထားတဲ့အိတ္ေတြထဲ
ထည့္ေနၾကသတဲ့..
အံ့ဖြယ္ ဂ်ပန္လွိုင္သာယာဖက္ဆက္ေတြပါလား.....
ၾကက္သားမႈန္႔ပဲစားၾကပါတဲ့
ငါးမႈန္႔ပဲစားၾကပါတဲ့ ....ျဖစ္ၾကျပန္ၿပီ
ပဲဆီေတာင္ ပဲရိုးရိုး
ပဲရွယ္ ပဲထူးရွယ္ခြဲထားေသးေတာ့
ဘယ္ဆီက ဘာလဲဆိုတာ
အိမ္တိုင္းမွာ အစိုးရက ဓာတ္ခြဲခန္းထားထားေပးသလား?
ႏိုးပါ....
ပညာရွင္ေတြပါးစပ္ပိတ္ေနၾကတယ္

စားေနရင္းရင္တမမနဲ႔
ကိုယ့္သတ္မယ့္အဆိပ္ေတြ
ကိုယ္ျပန္မ်ိဳခ်ေနရသလို ခံစားရမိတယ္...

ေရသန္႔တဲ့
တြန္းလွည္းေတြနဲ႔လိုက္ေရာင္းေနတာ
တဗူး၅၀၀နဲ႔ဝယ္ေသာက္ေနရတဲ့ဘဝ
ဘယ္သူကခြင့္ျပဳၿပီး ဘာစက္ေတြနဲ႔လုပ္ၾကသလဲ
မေမးအားတဲ့ဘဝ
စားသံုးသူအခြင့္အေရးဆိုတာ
သတင္းစာေတြထဲမွာပဲ ျမင္ရတဲ့စကားလံုး....
တရားစြဲရင္လည္း မီးက်ိဳးေမာင္းပ်က္တရားခြင္မွာ
တရားလိုလုပ္ရင္း အသက္ႀကီးေနရတဲ့ႏိုင္ငံ....

ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ
အရက္အတုေတြကို အစစ္ေစ်းေပးၿပီးဝယ္ေသာက္ေနရတာ
ရင္နာစရာတဲ့...ဖတ္လိုက္ရတယ္
ဘယ္ဟာ အစစ္ ဘယ္ဟာအတုမွန္းမသိဘဲ
သိန္းခ်ီေပးၿပီးဝယ္ေသာက္ေနရတဲ့ဘဝ
စစ္ေဆးမယ့္ ပညာရွင္ေတြေသကုန္ၾကသလား?
ကာလနာတိုက္ကုန္ၾကပလား?
ပါးစပ္ထဲ လာဘ္ထိုးထားတဲ့ေငြေတြဆို႔ထားလို႔
ဘာမွမေျပာရဲၾကသလား?
ေသလို႔တိုင္မွပဲ စစ္ေဆးေပးၾကမွာလား?
ပညာရွင္ေတြပါးစပ္ပိတ္ေနၾကတဲ့ႏိုင္ငံ......

တကယ္ဆို ပ်ံ႕ႏွံ႔လာတဲ့ေကာလဟာလတစ္ခုခုအတြက္
ခ်က္ခ်င္း action ယူ ခ်က္ခ်င္းစစ္
ခ်က္ခ်င္းေၾကျငာခ်က္ထုတ္ျပန္ရမွာ
မဟုတ္ဘူးလား
ခုေတာ့ ပညာရွင္ေတြဆြံ႕အေနၾကသလား
ေသကုန္ၾကတာလား?

၂၅၀တန္ေခါက္ဆြဲေျခာက္
၁၀၀တန္အီၾကာေကြး ၁၀၀တန္ေကာ္ဖီမစ္ေတြနဲ႔
အသက္ဆက္ေနရတဲ့ က်ဳပ္တို႔ဘဝ
ေသမထူးေနမထူး ဘဝေတြ
ဘယ္သူက $ဖက္လုပ္ၿပီးဂရုစိုက္လို႔တုန္း....

ကိုယ့္ႏိုင္ငံက export ၾကေတာ့
ဘာျဖစ္မွ ညာျဖစ္မွ $ဂ်ီးေတြမ်ား ေစ်းေတြႏွိမ္
မ်က္ႏွာငယ္ငယ္နဲ႔ လက္အုပ္ခ်ီပို႔ေနရၿပီး
ကိုယ့္ႏိုင္ငံထဲသြင္းတဲ့ import ေတြၾက
တံခါးမရွိ ဓားမရွိမရွိ
ဘယ္သူစစ္ရဲသလဲ
ဘယ္သူျပန္ပို႔ရဲသလဲ
ေတြ႕ၾကည့္ရင္ ရင္နာလြန္းလို႔
က်တဲ့မ်က္ရည္ေတာင္
ႏိုင္ငံျခားကသြင္းတဲ့တစ္ရႉးနဲ႔
သုတ္ေနရတဲ့ဘဝ....

အဲ့ေတာ့.....
ေသမလား...ေသစမ္း..
ကင္ဆာလား..ျဖစ္စမ္း..
တရားစြဲခြင့္ရွိသလား..?
ဒီဟာစားမိလို႔ ဒါျဖစ္ရပါတယ္
ဒီကုမၸဏီကိုအေရးယူေပးပါတိုင္ၾကားလို႔
နစ္နာေၾကးေဒၚလာသန္းခ်ီရဘူးၾကသလား?
ႏိုးပါ...
ပညာရွင္ေတြႏႈတ္ပိတ္ေနတဲ့ႏိုင္ငံ
ပညာရွင္ေတြေသဆံုးေနတဲ့ႏိုင္ငံ.....

Hotel အေကာင္းစားႀကီးေတြမွာ
လုပ္လိုက္ရတဲ့ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲ
တက္လိုက္ရတဲ့ ဖိုရမ္
ဖြဲ႕လိုက္ရတဲ့အဖြဲ႕အစည္းေတြ
ခပ္တည္တည္နဲ႔ သူတို႔ပညာတက္ေတြပါေပါ့
ရိုက္လိုက္ရတဲ့ ဓာတ္ပံု
ခံယူလိုက္ရတဲ့ VIP ....
ေအာက္ေျခလူတန္းစားေတြအတြက္
ဘာအက်ိဳးအျမတ္မွ
ဘာအသိပညာမွ မရတဲ့ႏိုင္ငံ
ဘာကာကြယ္မႈမွ
ထိထိေရာက္ေရာက္မလုပ္ေပးႏိုင္တဲ့ႏိုင္ငံ...

အဲ့ေတာ့လည္း...
စားၾကစမ္း ...chemical ေတြ
ျဖစ္ၾကစမ္း ေရာဂါဆန္းေတြ
ေသၾကစမ္း....
နင္တို႔ေသေတာ့လည္း
ဆန္ကုန္သက္သာတယ္ဟဲ့....
တေဒၚလာ ၁၅ခါေလ်ာ္စရာမလိုေတာ့ဘူး
ျမန္ျမန္သာေသၾကစမ္း...

ပညာရွင္ေတြ ေမာ္မၾကည့္ရဲတဲ့ႏိုင္ငံ
ပညာရွင္ေတြကို ေနရာမေပးတဲ့ႏိုင္ငံ
ပညာရွင္ေတြ အလုပ္ျပဳတ္မွာစိုးလို႔
ပါးစပ္ပိတ္ေနၾကတဲ့ႏိုင္ငံမွာ
ျမန္ျမန္စား...ျမန္ျမန္ေသၾက

(အိမ္း....ဒါေတာင္ေက်ာ္သူရွိေနလို႔
နာေရးပူစရာမလိုတာ,,,,,,,,,)
Z,M
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=788419534849023&set=a.139889336368716&type=3

New data contradicts earlier studies on smoking and IVF outcomes.

New data contradicts earlier studies on smoking and IVF outcomes.

Nicotine and Infertility

The success or failure of assisted reproduction can be influenced by many factors, both nonmodifiable (age, ovarian reserve) and modifiable (body weight, lifestyle habits). Smoking belongs to the latter category.

Smoking has important reproductive consequences—early pregnancy loss and adverse obstetric outcome are both more common in smokers—and about 20% of the reproductive-age population smokes.^[1]

The problems, however, start even before conception. Among smokers, infertility is more frequent, and the time to pregnancy is longer. Ovarian reserve is often reduced, and semen parameters tend to be poorer.^[1,2,3]

More specific models are needed to sort out the effect of smoking on key elements (oocytes, sperm, uterine receptivity) of in vitro fertilization (IVF). A recent study^[4] used an oocyte donation model to assess the effect of smoking by egg donors, sperm donors, male partners, and women undergoing IVF.

Smoking-Related Reproductive Outcomes

A retrospective cohort study was based on 4747 donor oocyte recipient cycles. Each donor and recipient were included only once with the outcome of their first treatment cycle. Three categories of daily smoking frequency were compared: none, fewer than 10 cigarettes (light smoking), and more than 10 cigarettes (heavy smoking).

Live birth rates were not significantly different regardless of the smoking status of the donor, recipient, or male partner (Table).

Table. Live Birth Rates by Smoking Status

	No smoking	< 10 cigarettes	> 10 cigarettes
Donors	30.8%	32.2%	32.8%
Recipients	29.8%	31.8%	24.8%
Male Partners	29.4%	30%	31.8%

Using a donor oocyte model, the study found an adverse effect on response to ovarian stimulation, but not on fertilization, implantation, or pregnancy rates.

Why No Tobacco Effect?

Tobacco smoke contains toxins that are harmful to germ cells. Women who smoke enter menopause 1 to 4 years earlier than nonsmokers,^[1] and the effect is more severe among heavy smokers. Men who smoke have lower sperm counts, lower sperm motility, higher DNA fragmentation, and potentially poorer fertilization capacity.^[1,2,3]

Smoking seems to affect implantation as well. Interference with tubal motility increases the risk for ectopic pregnancies. Adverse metabolic and vascular effects reduce the chance of implantation, increase miscarriage risk, and prolong time to pregnancy. Suboptimal spontaneous fertilization could also delay natural reproduction.

The donor oocyte model used in this study allows us to assess individually the effects of smoking on oocytes, sperm, and endometrium. A lower response to stimulation was seen among donors who smoked. Because the gonadotropin dose was similar in nonsmokers and smokers, the lower number of oocytes might be explained by an adverse effect of smoking on ovarian reserve, but markers of ovarian reserve were not reported in this study.

The absolute difference in oocyte yield between smokers and nonsmokers was small. This clinically, but not statistically, significant difference could be related to the very young age of donors. In an older-reproductive-age population, a more marked effect on ovarian reserve could be expected.

Fertilization rates and embryo quality also were not reported in this study, so the effect of smoking on "sperm function" cannot be assessed. Pregnancy and live birth rates, however, were not different, based on the smoking status of male partners. The young age of the donors could be a factor; better-quality, younger oocytes could compensate for aging-related negative effects on sperm.

Endometrial thickness as a surrogate marker for endometrial receptivity was not affected by the smoking status of the recipient. Nor did smoking appear to affect pregnancy loss rates.

Overall, this study did not find a significant detrimental effect of smoking on the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology. Although the donor oocyte model allows us to separately evaluate the effect of smoking on oocytes, sperm, and endometrium, the young age of the donors could explain the outcomes of IVF, which might differ in an older infertile population.

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Dietary Supplements Have No Effect on Mortality Risk

Dietary Supplements Have No Effect on Mortality Risk

For the general population, taking dietary supplements does not reduce the mortality risk from either cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer, a large cohort study concludes.

"People should aim for achieving adequate nutrition through a healthy balanced diet rather than relying on supplements," lead author Fang Fang Zhang, MD, PhD, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, told Medscape Medical News in an email.

One exception was taking a supplement of lycopene, which did appear to reduce the mortality risk from both CVD and cancer.

However, the study also found that taking a supplement could be detrimental: taking high-dose calcium supplements appeared to increase the risk of dying from cancer.

The study was published online April 8, 2019, in the Annals of Internal Medicine.

"Given over half of Americans take dietary supplements to improve their overall health, to maintain health, or to improve specific health conditions, it is important to assess the effect that dietary supplements might have on mortality risk," Zhang commented.

In the study, dietary supplement use in the previous 30 days was analyzed among 30,899 adults who participated in six cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 1999 to 2000 and to 2009 to 2010.

Nutrient intake from foods and supplements was also analyzed from 27,725 participants who provided one or two valid, 24-hour diet recall information.

The team categorized nutrient intake as being either "inadequate" — defined as levels of total nutrient intake from food and supplements below the estimated average requirement — or as "adequate" when nutrient intake were at levels specified in the Dietary Reference Intakes. Excess nutrient intake was determined by comparing participants' intake with levels above the Tolerable Upper Intake level.

Study participants who reported taking dietary supplements had a mean age of was 50.7 years, while the mean age of those who did not take dietary supplements was 42.8 years (P < .001).

"More than half of participants (51.2%) reported use of dietary supplements in the previous 30 days, and 38.3% reported use of MVM (multivitamin and mineral) supplements," Zhang and colleagues observe.

The most commonly used vitamin supplements included vitamin C (used by 40.3% of participants), vitamin E (used by 38.6%), and vitamin D (used by 37.6%).

The most commonly used mineral supplements were calcium (used by 38.6%), zinc (34.5%), and magnesium (33.3%).

In general, participants who took supplements had higher levels of total nutrient intake for all 25 nutrients assessed compared with nonusers. Even when the nutrient intake from supplement use was discounted, they still had higher nutrient intake levels from foods for 23 nutrients compared with non-supplement users, the researchers point out.

Interestingly, however, over half of all participants had inadequate intake of vitamin D, vitamin E, choline, vitamin K, and potassium. Fewer than 5% of all respondents consumed what investigators determined was "excess" intake for all nutrients except niacin.

"During a median follow-up of 6.1 years, 3616 deaths occurred, including 945 CVD deaths and 805 cancer deaths," the researchers report.

After multivariable adjustment, no dietary supplement except lycopene was associated with a lower mortality risk. Lycopene lowered the risk for all-cause mortality by 18% and death from cancer by 54%.

Nutrients From Food

Investigators then began to tease out the effects of nutrient intake from food compared to the same nutrient intake from supplements.

Initially, they observed that those who had adequate intakes of vitamin K and magnesium were at lower risk for all-cause mortality, while those who had an adequate intake of vitamin A, vitamin K, copper, and zinc had a lower risk of dying from CVD.

However, "when sources of nutrient intake were further evaluated, the lower all-cause mortality associated with adequate intake of vitamin K and magnesium was restricted to intake from foods [while] the lower CVD mortality was associated with adequate intake of vitamin A, vitamin K, zinc, and cooper...restricted to intake from foods as well," Zhang and colleagues observe.

Importantly, excess intake of calcium was associated with a 62% higher risk of dying from cancer. This risk was confined to high-dose calcium supplements of 1000 mg/day or more, and not to calcium intake from food, the team notes.

At the same time, investigators also noted that vitamin D supplementation at doses in excess of 10 mcg/day — or about 400 IU/day — was associated with an increased risk of both all-cause and cancer mortality.

However, this effect was only seen in participants with adequate vitamin D levels, defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of 50 nmol/L or higher, and not in participants with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of less than 50 nmol/L.

"Thus, vitamin D supplement use at 400 IU/day or higher may have untoward effects among those with no sign of low vitamin D status," Zhang observed.

"For those with low vitamin D status, vitamin D supplements had no benefit or harm," she added.

Zhang noted that if a patient has a medical condition that could lead to malabsorption of nutrients from foods or if they follow specific dietary customs and practices, they may be at risk for nutritional deficiencies that require treatment with dietary supplements.

She also cautioned that it is important for physicians to ask about dietary supplement use among cancer patients because certain dietary supplements such as antioxidants may interfere with the treatments they are about to receive.

"Thus, patients with nutritional deficiencies may be evaluated separately as per their individual needs," she suggested.

However, for the general population, Zhang emphasized that foods are usually the most important source of nutrients and that physicians should counsel patients accordingly.

Approached for comment, Elizabeth Kantor, MD, from Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York, agreed and added: "People should discuss decisions regarding use of dietary supplements with their healthcare providers."

Zhang has disclosed no relevant financial relationships, although one of her co-investigators has; see the publication for information. Kantor has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Ann Intern Med. Published online April 8, 2019. Abstract

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Dozens of people have reported seizures after vaping, prompting an investigation into the mysterious reaction

vaping ေဆးလိပ္ အတု သံုးတဲ့ လူေတြ ဟာ အတက္ေ၇ာဂါ ျဖစ္
ေလျဖတ္ နွလံုးေသြးေၾကာက်ဥ္းေတြ ပို ျဖစ္တယ္
Seizures can begin only 20-30 minutes after swallowing products containing nicotine
The liquid used in e-cigarettes contains a form of nicotine that is more highly concentrated than the kind smokers inhaled.
nicotine အ၇ည္ အေနနဲ့ လာတာ က ပံုမွန္ ေသာက္ေနတဲ့ ေဆးလိပ္ေတြထက္ ပို ျပီး dangerous ျဖစ္တာကို ေတြ့လာတယ္

Dozens of people have reported seizures after vaping, prompting an investigation into the mysterious reaction
https://www.thisisinsider.com/does-vaping-causes-seizures-fda-investigation-2019-4?utm_content=buffere4d63&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer&fbclid=IwAR3oaZDkfKXLA4AB7IQZ3gdIoyjjW1R4Ux07LZ3HeN54Q0S6L-1ZB0LzlDo

ႏိုင္ငံတကာမွာ ကေလးေတြကို ေကြ်းေမြးတဲ့ အစားအေသာက္ပံုစံေတြပါ။

ႏိုင္ငံတကာမွာ ကေလးေတြကို ေကြ်းေမြးတဲ့ အစားအေသာက္ပံုစံေတြပါ။
ႏိုင္ငံတကာမွာ ကေလးေတြကို ေကြ်းေမြးတဲ့ အစားအေသာက္ပံုစံေတြပါ။

ထူးခြ်န္ထက္ျမက္တဲ့ လူအရင္းအျမစ္ေတြကို ေမြးထုတ္ဖို႕ႀကိဳးစားေနတဲ့ နိုင္ငံေတြမွာ ကေလးေတြကို ဥာဏ္ရည္ထက္ျမက္ဖို႕နဲ႕ က်န္းမာသန္စြမ္းဖို႕အတြက္ အားေဆးေတြ တိုက္မယ့္အစား အစားအေသာက္ေတြကို မွ်တေအာင္ အဓိကထားၿပီး လုပ္ေဆာင္ေနၾကပါတယ္။

အဆီအဆိမ့္ ေတြနဲ႕ အခ်ိဳမ်ားတဲ့ အစားအစာေတြကို အထူးေရွာင္ၿပီး ထမင္း အသီးအရြက္နဲ႕ အသားေတြကို မွ်တေအာင္ေကြ်းေမြးရပါမယ္။

ကိုယ့္ရဲ႕ကေလးေတြ ေက်ာင္းသြားတဲ့အခါ ဒီအခ်က္ေတြကို ဂရုစိုက္ျပင္ဆင္ၿပီး ထမင္းဘူးထဲ့ေပးနိုင္မယ္ဆိုရင္ အားေဆးေသာက္စရာမလိုပဲ က်န္းမာသန္စြမ္းၿပီး ဥာဏ္ရည္ထက္ျမက္တဲ့ ကေလးေတြျဖစ္လာၾကမွာပါ။
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e-Cigarettes Linked to Increased Stroke, MI Risk

e-Cigarettes Linked to Increased Stroke, MI Risk


e-Cigarettes Linked to Increased Stroke, MI Risk
Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is linked to a significantly increased risk for "hard" adverse outcomes, such as stroke and myocardial infarction (MI), new research suggests.
ေလ့လာေတြ့ရိွခ်က္ အသစ္အရ
vaping ေတြ ေဆးလိပ္ ျဖတ္ ဖို့ သံုးတဲ့ ေဆးလိပ္ အတုေတြမွာ
ေလျဖတ္ တာ နွလံုး ေသြးေၾကာက်ဥ္းတာကို သာမာန္ေဆးလိပ္ေတြ ထက္ ပို ျဖစ္ေနတာကို ေတြ့၇ိွ

HONOLULU — Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is linked to a significantly increased risk for "hard" adverse outcomes, such as stroke and myocardial infarction (MI), new research suggests.

Among more than 400,000 respondents older than 18 years from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey, almost 66,800 reported having ever used e-cigarettes.

Study results showed a 71% higher risk of experiencing a stroke, a 59% higher risk for an MI, and a 40% higher risk for angina or coronary heart disease (CHD) for the e-cigarette users compared with nonusers. Users also had twice the rate of smoking regular cigarettes.

The researchers note that this is the largest study ever to have examined a possible association between e-cigarettes and stroke.

Dr Paul Ndunda

The results "weren't a big surprise because of what we'd seen in a few smaller observational studies of e-cigarette use and heart attacks. However, none had really shown an association between vaping and stroke," lead author Paul M. Ndunda, MD, assistant professor at the University of Kansas School of Medicine–Wichita, told Medscape Medical News.

For the current study, "we don't yet know what mechanisms to which the e-cigarette might be associated with stroke," he said, adding that more research is now needed.

The results will be presented at the upcoming International Stroke Conference (ISC) 2019.

Dramatic Increase in Use

The researchers note that 3.2% of adults and 11.3% of high school students in the United States reported in 2016 having used e-cigarettes. "Its use among young people increased by 900% between 2011 and 2015," they add.

The American Heart Association (AHA) has issued cautions against the use of these devices, stating that, although e-cigarettes may help some individuals in their quest to quit smoking, they should be used only "as a last resort."

Instead, clinicians should emphasize approved cessation aids first. If those don't work, "a conversation should be started with the patient emphasizing the lack of long-term safety of e-cigarettes," the organization said in a statement.

The AHA has also called for the creation of regulations that prevent the sales and marketing of the devices to young people.

As reported by Medscape Medical News, the US Food and Drug Administration announced last month that it may even consider removing the products from market for all consumers if teen use continues to rise.

However, questions remain regarding e-cigarettes' usefulness as a smoking-cessation product for adults. In a randomized study published last week in the New England Journal of Medicine of almost 900 participants in the United Kingdom, smokers who used the products were almost twice as likely to stop smoking combustible tobacco at 1 year as those who used nicotine patches or gum.

Still, an accompanying editorial in the journal said that the long-term risks of e-cigarette use are largely unknown.

"Cautious" Results

For the current study, the investigators sought to assess whether there was a link between use of e-cigarettes and increased risk for stroke and/or cardiovascular disease.  

They evaluated data from 2016 from the BRFSS, "an annual chronic disease and behavioral risk factor survey" conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. They compared the 66,795 respondents who reported regularly using e-cigarettes with the 343,856 who reported never using the devices.

e-cigarette users vs nonusers had the following:

• Younger mean age (44 vs 57 years, respectively)
• Lower rate of diabetes (9.8% vs 12.1%)
• Lower body mass index (BMI, 27.7 vs 28.1)
• Higher rate of cigarette smoking (78.7% vs 37.4%; all comparisons, P < .0001)

After adjusting for a number of factors including age, sex, smoking status, presence of diabetes, and BMI, users also had higher adjusted odds for the following:

• Stroke (odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64 - 1.80)
• MI (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.53 - 1.66)
• Angina or CHD (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.35 - 1.46)

Ndunda noted that there were some limitations with the study "that make me cautious when drawing conclusions," especially that they found associations but not causation.

"We did not quantify how much vaping the subjects reported or the amount of smoking that occurred," he said. "With those limitations in mind, there's a need for further large, long-term studies that would [evaluate] causation."

Still, "given previous data and our data, I think we can reinforce the message that people who don't vape and don't smoke are probably better off not starting to smoke or vape," Ndunda said.

However, for individuals who are using e-cigarettes to quit smoking, "more data is probably needed" regarding long-term-health outcomes, he added. "We need more research before we can say that there are these risks to the public."

"First Real Data"

In video comments posted to the AHA/ASA website, Larry B. Goldstein, MD, professor and chair of the department of neurology and codirector of the Kentucky Neuroscience Institute at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, called the results "quite concerning" and important on a population level — although he also cited some study limitations.

Dr Larry Goldstein

"Those relative increased risks are quite significant," said Goldstein, who is also a spokesperson for the AHA. "What isn't in the data is what the absolute increased risk is, so it's hard to know how many exposures lead to an increase [such as] that."

He also noted that the adjustment for potential confounders was limited. Although the investigators adjusted for such things as age, sex, and smoking status, "there are obviously other factors that can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease that weren't measured."

Still, he said that "this is the first real data that we're seeing associating e-cigarette use with hard cardiovascular events." And the study raises concerns "that it may be e-cigarette smoke as well as combustible tobacco smoke that may increase risk."

Goldstein later told Medscape Medical News that because the use of these products "is really exploding," the results on their health effects are especially important.

"There's this perception that they are safer than combustible cigarettes but this report in particular raises concern that there may be very negative cardiovascular complications from using them," he said. "It's also concerning because some of the ways that they have been prepared, such as using flavors, may make them particularly appealing to younger people."

Goldstein noted that "epidemiologically, there's concern for increasing stroke risk in young adults." And because there was almost a doubling in the use of regular cigarette smoking in the e-cigarette users in the current study, there may be "a wave of cardiovascular disease that may be coming in the future, especially since this has been so attractive to young users."

Although he reiterated his questions about unmeasured confounding in the study and also stressed that the results showed an association and not causation, Goldstein said the findings support that there are warning flags — and added that more data is needed.

For now, "clinicians should certainly ask their patients, including those in the pediatric age groups, not only whether they're smoking but whether they're using e-cigarettes. We can't begin to address reductions or quitting strategies without knowing what the patients are actually using and doing," he said.

"E-cigarettes haven't traditionally been part of the questioning we do, but we certainly ask about social habits, alcohol use, exercise, and other traditional risk factors. We now also need to ask about use of e-cigarettes and some of the other tobacco products, such as hookah water-pipe products," Goldstein added.

The study authors and Goldstein have disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

International Stroke Conference (ISC) 2019. Abstract 9. To be presented February 6, 2019.

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